Rafidain Journal of Science

Twenty five sputum and throat swabs were collected from 25 asthma and bronchial allergic patients from Allergy and asthma Centre Governorate of Basra/Iraq beside 25 indoor air samples from their houses. Another 25 samples were collected from normal individual and from their indoor air.
These Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 25 and 37Co,seventeen genera were identified in patient samples and (23) genera in their indoor air samples while 4and5 species were identified from normal individual and from their indoor air samples respectively beside yeast colonies and sterile mycelium were recorded in all samples.
Hyphomycetes are the dominant group in all tested samples, it was 67.5% in patient samples, and %75.38 in their indoor air samples beside 66.66% and 81.25% in normal individual and in their indoor air samples respectively.
The prominence value of yeasts was 735.66 in patient samples and 69.86 in their indoor air samples while it was 546.62 and 405.69 in the normal individuals and in their indoor air samples respectively. According to the filamentous isolates, the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Ulocladium, Paecilomyces, and Cladosporium have the highest prominence value in the patients samples and in their indoor air samples. In normal individuals, Aspergillus and sterile mycelium showed the highest prominence value and Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Ulocladium in their indoor air samples.

The fungus Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from rice, this fungus causes many diseases for plant and crops damage. To control this fungus by a safe method without causing any damage to environment, animal and human, we prefer using the alcoholic extract of some plants. The effect of alcoholic extract for leaves of Cassia spp., Salvia officinalis and Achillea millefolium was tested by using four concentrations for each extract 5,10,15,20 mg /ml these results were compared with antifungal Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride and it was noticed that these extracts have a high inhibiting effect against this fungus. The percentage of inhibition was 100% for all extracts and all concentrations that used in this study except the concentration 5 mg / ml of alcoholic extract for the leaf of Cassia spp. the percentage of inhibition was 90.3%. This proves that the alcoholic extract of the leaves has a high ability for inhibition similar to the biocontrol agent that was used.

Lead and copper levels were determined in 96 samples of milk and twelve milk samples were individually collected from buffaloes, cows, goats, ewes, adult and infant dried powder milk, liquid pasteurized milk and condensed milk from different regions and Local markets of Mosul city, during the period from October 2011 to March 2012. The findings referred to the presence of lead and copper in the concentration of 0.623 and 0.590, 0.566 and 1.323, 0.191 and 0.640, 0.152 and 0.593 mg/kg in the buffalos, cows, goats and ewes, milk, respectively. The percentage of milk samples exceeding the permissible limits 100% of lead and copper in buffalos' milk and lead in cows' milk and 83.3% for lead in ewes' milk and for copper in cows, goats and ewes' milk and 66.6% for lead in goats milk. The results showed that the mean concentration of lead and copper 0.524 and 0.824, 0.127 and 0.958, 0.323 and 0.375, 1.402 and 0.462 mg/kg in the adult dried powder, infant, pasteurized and condensed milk, respectively. Milk samples which exceed the permissible limits of lead 100% in adult dried, pasteurized and condensed milk and for copper in the infant and adult dried powder milk and 83.3% for lead in the infant milk and 33.3%, 16.6% for copper in pasteurized and condensed milk. The findings showed no significant differences in the mean concentration rates of lead and copper among all types of raw milk in study. However, there was a significant difference in the mean concentration levels of copper between adult and infant milk from pasteurized and condensed milk.

The electrochemical behavior of Eriochrome Red B (ERB) using square wave voltammetry (SWV) with three electrodes cell was studied. The cell consists of working electrodes, either graphite electrode (GE) or Poly ERB-graphite electrode (poly ERB – GE), auxiliary electrode (2mm pt wire) and reference electrode (Ag/AgCl . sat.KCl).
The ERB gives two reduction peaks at GE and Poly ERB- GE, one at -0.194 V, second at 0.068 V for GE and at -0.561V, 0.203 V for Poly ERB-GE.
The effect of pH on the reduction peaks of ERB at the two electrodes (GE and poly ERB-GE ) was studied.

The research includes a clinical study of adiponectin hormone and its relation with cardiovascular diseases. The normal value of adiponectin hormon level in human serum was found to be (9.79± 0.91 ug/ml) in control group for both sexes at age (35-70 year). The study also showed a significant decrease in adiponectin hormone level (6.12 ±1.01 ug/ml(in serum of cardiovascular patients group for both sexes at (39 -75 year) in comparison to control.
The results also indicated a significant increase in the level of insulin hormone, glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein -cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein –cholesterol, the risk factor ratio (total Cholesterol/ HDL), total lipid, malonaldehyde (MAD), the activity of Peroxidase, GOT and ALP in patients group. While a significant decrease in concentration of high density lipoprotein – cholesterol, glutathione also the activity of glutathione –S- transfers, glutathione peroxidase, arylesterase and catalase in patients group was found in comparison to control.
The relationship between adiponectin hormone and some clinical variables were examined in control and patients. The results showed that there were a significant positive correlation between adiponectin hormone and concenteration of high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL- C), the activity of glutathione peroxidase and arylesterase in control group and patients. The results also showed that there was a significant reverse correlation between adiponectin hormone and level of insulin hormone, glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), concenteration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, (total Cholesterol/ HDL), total lipid, malonaldehyde (MAD) and the activity of GOT and ALP in control group and patients.
It is concluded that the low level of the hormone adiponectin Index is a serious risk of cardiovascular disease and plays an important role in regulating the level of the hormone insulin, insulin resistance and its glucose, which refers to the relationship of diabetes. It also shows a role in regulating the level of lipids and the relationship with oxidative stress processes.

The research is concerned with preparing a cold aqueous extracts of Agrimonia Eupatoria, to isolate oil, tannins, and falvonoids and proteinous and non proteinous compounds by gel filtration technique and using column containing gel type Sephadex G-50.Two compounds: A M.wt (264667) Dalton, B M.wt (3958) Dalton from the cold protienous precipitate were isolated. The effect of these extracts and the compounds mentioned above was studied on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, also glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, kidney and heart tissues in mice exposed to oxidative stress via the intra-peritoneally injection.
The results obtained from this study showed that the cold crude aqueous, non-protienous extracts, protenious precipitate, proteinous and peptidic compounds, also the tannins, oil, and falvonoids at the doses of (300, 17.3, 3.04, 5.9, 10.3, 4.6, 5.28, 17.8) mg/kg body weights caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum glucose, TC., TG., (LDL-C), (VLDL) and MDA level in liver, kidney and heart tissues. However, a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum HDL-C level and GSH level in liver, kidney and heart tissues in mice exposed to oxidative stress was observed while B peptidic compound caused a significant decrease in serum HDL-C level.
Finally, it was found that the falvonoids is more effective as a hypoglycemic and reactive oxygen spices

In this research, Asymmetrically Parabolic Concentrator (APC) was designed. It was made of plate covered with paper that is made of polymer coated zinc available in local market. The APC effects on Silicon solar cell parameters have been studied during the Iraqi spring season (Afternoon March and April) in the city of Mosul. The result showed that in March Solar cell efficiency had increased from (4.9%) to (5.5%) due to the existence of APC, while during April, it did increase from (3.9%) to (7.2%). Four Solar cells of equal dimensions were connected in parallel in order to take advantage of Solar radiation reflected from the center on the surface of cells.

Asymmetrical excited single pole magnetic lens has been designed, using different geometrical coils of equal areas and at different positions with respect to the lens pole.
The objective focal properties and its resolution were calculated. It was found that the geometrical shape of the coil and its position play an important role for exciting the lens pole.
It was noticed that the lens L4 at constant excitation (NI=20 kA-t) shows better results in comparison with the other lenses.