Rafidain Journal of Science

The present study included the recognition of alpha-methrin (Serin) and actara (Cruzer) insecticides medium lethal dose LD50, which was found to be 150 mg alpha-methrin/Kg body weight and 1875 mg actara / Kg body weight. By consideration of (LD50) values three doses of each insecticide were orally administered to male albino rats for 15 and 30 days period, to study their effects on the levels of some enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidans and lipid peroxides in serum and tissues of albino rats.
The rats were divided into 7 groups; the control group which administered with distilled water, the first to third group were administered with 2.5, 5, 10 mg /Kg body weight alpha-methrin respectively, the fourth to sixth group were administered with 100, 150, 200 mg /Kg body weight actara respectively on comparison to control group with that treated with either alpha-methrin or actara. The results showed a significant decrease in non enzymatic antioxidant (uric acid concentration and glutathione) level and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (enzymatic antioxidant) and a significant increase in malondialdehyed level in serum blood of rats treated with either alpha-methrin or actara. The results also showed a significant decrease in level of glutathione accompanied with significant increase in malondialdehyed level in tissues of (brain, heart, liver and kidney). The rats which administered with different concentrations of alpha-methrin insecticide, showed more effects than that groups administeared by actara. These results indicated that the alpha-methrin has more poisonous effects than actara insecticide .

The study showed the effect of some agricultural methods in reducing the incidence of mosaic symptoms on squash plants by using mineral oil (Sunoco) at conc. 2.5% at 15 days interval by spraying the leaves, this treatment was the best one because it decreased the disease incidence to 24.6% compared with 54% in control. Also using yellow water traps and aluminum stripes to attract aphids, reduced disease incidence to 28.6 and 13.3% respectively.
The diagnostic study which conducted by using indicator plants and antisera, detected three viruses which cause mosaic symptoms: Cucumber mosaic Cucumovirus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic Potyvirus (ZYMV) and Watermelon mosaic Potyvirus (WMV–2). The results showed that these symptoms reduced chlorophyll content to 47.5%.

This study was conducted to determine the gross and histopathological effects caused by Topiramate (a curing drug of epilepsy) on the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the mouse Mus musculus embryos. A dose (8.4 mg/kg) of body weight (b.w.) of Topiramate, were given from 1st. to 18th. day of gestation, to pregnant mice. This caused various malformations in brain and spinal cord as 4.39% and 3.29% respectively. Histological examination showed 21.97% abnormalities of brain as exencephally, degeneration and necrosis of neurons, and large size brain. The spinal cord showed 10.98% histological defects such as abnormal position, vacuolation of neurons, congestion of dorsal blood vessel wall at the upper part of the spinal cord. In order to show folic acid role in reducing malformations, Topiramate were mixed with 0.42 mg/kg b.w. folic acid, resulting complete reduction of external malformations of brain and spinal cord 0%, and histological defects were reduced to 14.28% and 4.76% respectively. Using Topiramate with 0.84 mg/kg b.w. folic acid, they showed also complete reduction of external malformation of brain and spinal cord (0.0%). While histological defects were reduced to 6.66% and 2.5% respectively.

In this study (36) albino male rats aged 100 days treated for 6 weeks were divided into 4 groups 9 rats for each group. The first group given 0.3 ml distilled water through oral intubations as (control), second group was given a recommended dose of vitamin E (500 mg/kg B.W), the 3rd group was given a high dose of vitamin E (1000 mg/kg B.W), and the 4th group was given a very high dose of vitamin E (2000 mg/kg B.W).
All treatments did not show any significant difference (P>0.05) in adult male rats with respect to body weight, but the high and very high dose causes a significant increase in testes weight only. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in epididymal (head ,body and tail) weight with high and very high dose, and caused a significant decrease in number of epididymal sperms count and percentage of live sperms. Treatment with high and very high dose caused significant increase in percentage of dead/abnormal sperm in compared to control and recommended dose, but it caused a significant decrease in prostate/seminal vesicle weight when compared to control and recommended dose.
This study suggests that using a recommended dose of vitamin E was more safe for reproduction of adult male rats, whereas, a high and very high doses showed a negative effects on their reproduction, and may act as a pro-oxidants activity instead of anti-oxidants.

This research was performed to study the sensitivity of bacteria isolated from bacteremia in leukemia patients against antibiotics and some antineoblastic drugs and studying the bactericidal activity of leukemia patients sera. The results showed that most of the of gram positive bacteria were resistant in a high proportion to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime but they were sensitive to Vancomycin (100%), however gram negative bacterial isolates were absolutely resistant to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprime but they showed sensitivity toward Chloramphenicol, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin.The effect of some antineoblastic drugs on studied bacteria showed that there was no effect of these drugs on most bacteria with the specific concentration used in this experiment except that of S. aureus and S. epidermidis which showed a limited sensitivity to Daunrubicin and B. subtilis which was more sensitive against Daunrubicin and Methotrexate. Findings showed that there are differences between the bactericidal activity of serum which was obtained from Acute Lymphoplastic Leukemia (ALL) patients and normal subjects which appears that have depletion in serum bactericidal activity of (ALL) patients (which infected by bacteremia and received chemotherapy drug) toward E. coli. However, results of S. aureus showed that there was no significant difference in bactericidal activity of serum against this bacteria by both the normal serum and patients sera.

This research was conducted in the plastic houses at Horticulture Dep. College of Agriculture and Forestry Mosul University, Iraq, to study the effect of three concentrations of auxin IBA 0, 1000 and 2000 mg/L and number of eyes on cuttings with two or three eyes on rooting and growth parameters of hardwood Grape cuttings. After Twelve weeks from culture date cuttings examined for rooting and vegetative growth. Cuttings with three eyes significantly show increase in all parameters as compared with cuttings with two eyes(rooting percentage, root number and length, fresh and dry root weight, new shoots, new leaves, number and length of new shoots, fresh and dry vegetative weight parameters, at the same time the two concentrations of auxin IBA 1000 and 2000 mg/L increased significantly all rooting and vegetative parameters, except the percentage of rooting and number of new shoots. However the interaction treatment (cutting with three eyes + 1000 mg/L IBA) gave a 100% of rooting percentage, but the highest average of ( root number and length , new leaves, number and length of new shoots) resulted from cutting with three eyes treated with 2000 mg/L IBA value which reached 20.10, 8.06cm, 15.77 , 2.27 and 11.72cm respectively .

The current study was conducted in some parts of Nineveh province, and through the implementation of a radiation survey of 29 locations using the site Geiger-Mueller detector and find a mathematical equations to describe the relationship between the absorbed dose rate (μGy / hr) and the count rate (count / s). We have used three radioactive sources ( Co60, Cs137, Na22 ) with activity of 1µCi for each one to calibrate the Geiger-Mueller detector. The study revealed that the use of a source of Cs137 is the best source for the calibration of detector. the natural background radiation limits for these locations were found that to be about (0.019 mR / hr). we found that the highest dose rate were (0.22 μGy / hr) in Qaraqosh location and the lowest dose rate were (0.151 μGy / hr) in khazir location.