Rafidain Journal of Science

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of watery extract of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum (on semen quality of healthy groups of local breed rabbits using two doses (650 mg and1300mg/kg of B.W./daily/rabbit, orally for sixty days), on semen quality (sperm concentration, sperm progressive and individual motility, dead and malformation sperm percentages) at the end of the treatments.
Results of the present study demonstrated that the watery extract of fenugreek have a different significant effect (P<0.05) on some of semen quality (sperm concentration, dead and malformation sperm percentages) as it increased in the 1st dose at local healthy males rabbits after sixty days of the treatment, and the effects dissimilar depending on the dose used.
It could be concluded that watery extract of fenugreek by the doses used in this study had a significant effect on semen quality and the effect dissimilar by dose difference. It is preferred to take care when it used by those doses for long periods.

The study investigated the presence of bacteria in stone constituents in addition to chemical analysis of struvite stone components, removed by surgical intervention form (50) patients having renal stones and urinary tract infections ( UTIs).
The results showed the isolation of Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonass aeruginosa from most of 8 struvite stones from the center and subsurface layers, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were also isolated from one of the 32 calcium stones, while 10 uric acid stone, were germ-free.

The chemical analysis results showed that struvite stone components, contain calcium, magenisium and phosphate.

The study was conducted to investigate the allergic reaction among the workers of Hamam Alalil Cement Factory in Nenivah . 55 blood samples were collected from workers at different department of the factory . ELISA for IgE and Eosinophil count were performed. The results indicated that 60% of the workers were suffering from one or more allergic reaction ( Respiratory , Dermatological or Eyes sensitivity ). The heighest reaction sensitivity was Dermatological 38.2% , The results revealed that the more the exposure time to cement pollutants the more the percentage of allergy , also that the percentage of allergic reaction was different at different departments . The general level of IgE in workers was found to be 120.9 IU/ml which differed with the type of reaction , the heighest was 215.8 IU/ml in workers with more than one reaction , the lowest 44.1 IU/ml in workers with no reaction . The results also indicated that the IgE concentration in 41.5% of workers was more than 100 IU/ml , and the heighest 142 IU/ml was in the kiln department while the lowest 56.6 IU/ml was at the administration department . The average eosinophil count was 7.6% , the heighest was 9.8% among workers with more than one reaction .

The study was conducted by using several factors to control leaf spot disease of Vicia faba caused by Alternaria alternata. The bio control agent Trichoderma harzianum proved to have a high antagonistic ability against the pathogen (invitro). All three fungicides, benomyl captan and metalaxyl gave a significant inhibitions to the growth of A.alternata, Benomyl was the best since it caused 100% inhibition at the concentration of 200 mg a.i / Liter, Also Plant extracts of Datura innoxia, Olea europaea and ocimum basilicum Inhibited the growth of the fungus, with the maximum inhibition 85.55% caused by Datura at 25mg/ml followed by Olive then Ocimum. In greenhouse experiments, all individual treatments caused significant reduction of infection and severity of the disease as compared to control. Seed treatment with benomyl was the best treat and gave 20.4% and 0.15 respectively. The incorporation of different control measures together using plant extract of Datura, benomyl and T.harzianum gave a high synergistic effect in decreasing infection in cidence and severity of the disease to 10.5% and 0.06 respectvely Moreover, it gave a significant increase in plant length and fresh weight by 41.57cm and 43.80g respectively.

Seven fungal genera were isolated from imported nuts seeds of sunflower,
watermelon and peanuts which were roasted and prepared for human consumption. The fungus Rhizopus spp. had the highest percentage among the isolated fungi (29%)
then, A. niger (16%) , Penicillium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. as well as Chaetomium spp. and Fusarium spp. which had the lowest percentage. Seed health test of stored seeds of the samples mentioned above, in addition to squash seeds showed that six genera of fungi were present. The genus Rhizopus spp. was also isolated with highest percentage (41%) followed by Aspergillus spp.(8.5%) then, Altrenaria spp., Chaetomium spp. lastly Rhizoctonia spp. and Pythium spp. which isolated with lowest percentage. Aspergillus isolates were clearly identified using the differential media, two perfect phases (Teleomorphs) of this genus were found, the first was Emercilla spp. Isolated from stored squash seeds, two fungi were also found in the same sample they were A. parasiticus and A. terreus .The second teleomorphs was Neosartorya spp. which was found in stored peanut seeds as well as A. sydowii. All the identified Aspergillus spp. were found to be non-aflatoxigenic fungi after performing selective media test.

The research included isolation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase from normal & tumor human kidney’s tissue using different biological techniques, These included ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration chromatography on sephadex G-75 and sephadex G-200 .
It was shown that, the comparative molecular weight of the second proteinous peak (produced from sephadex G-200 colum, also it contain glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity) for normal & tumor kidney’s tissue was found to be (304,000 ± 3,000 Da) and (297,000 ± 3,000 Da) respectively, And the purification of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in this peak was (42.48 fold) and (42.29 fold) respectively for normal kidney’s tissue, (92.23 fold) and (86.13 fold) respectively for tumor kidney’s tissue.
Further more, the comparative molecular weight of the subunit of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis techniques for normal and tumor kidney’s tissue and found to be (42,600 Da) and (53,900 Da) respectively .
The results also showed that the optimum conditions of glutamine synthetase were obtained using imidazole-HCl (100 mM) as a buffer at pH (7.2), (45 C°) and (15 mM) of glutamate as a substrate. Using Linweaver-Burk plot, it was found that Vmax and Km have the values of (0.0818 U/ml), (11.97 mM) respectively. The effect of ammonium chloride and adenosine-5́-triphosphate concentration on the enzyme activity were also preformed. The optimum concentration of ammonium chloride is (1 mM) with Vmax (0.065 U/ml)and Km (0.419 mM). On the other hand, the optimum concentration of adenosine-5́-triphosphate is (4 mM) with Vmax (0.0609 U/ml) and Km (1.64 mM) .
Finally, The optimum conditions of glutamate dehydrogenase were obtained using Tris-HCl (100 mM) as a buffer at pH (8.8), (40 C°) and (50 mM) of glutamate as a substrate. Using Linweaver-Burk plot, it was found that Vmax and Km have the values of (0.6916 U/ml), (29.5 mM) respectively. The effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration on the enzyme activity was also preformed. The optimum concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is (4 mM) with Vmax (0.424 U/ml) and Km (0.91 mM) .

تم فی هذا العمل تصنیع کواشف ومیضیة سائلة باستعمال مواد ومیضیة عضویة هی النفثالین والانثراسین وإذابتها فی مذیب عضوی هو الزایلین وبعد إجراء القیاسات لصافی المساحة تحت المنحنی (Net Area) لمدى واسع من التراکیز للمحالیل الومیضیة العضویة المحضرة. وجد إن أفضل ترکیز (الترکیز الذی نحصل عنده على أعلى شدة للومیض) لکل من الکاشف الومیضی المکون من النفثالین المذاب فی الزایلین هو(40g/l)، وللکاشف الومیضی المکون من الانثراسین المذاب فی الزایلین هو(1.4g/l). ثم لغرض دراسة تأثیر الإخماد على هذه الکواشف فقد أضیفت تراکیز مختلفة من مواد مخمدة لهذه التراکیز المثالیة.