Rafidain Journal of Science

The research was an attempt to isolate and study the active proteinous compounds from the aqueous extract of unripe banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), using different biochemical techniques. One major compound was isolated using gel filtration chromatography for the precipitate produced by ammonium sulphate treatment. The comparative molecular weight of the isolated proteinous compound was found to be 12566 Dalton. The study also included the effect of the aqueous extract and the proteinous compound in two doses (75, 100 mg/kg body weight) on certain blood constituents in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the blood glucose level was significantly decreased by crude aqueous extract and proteinous compound in both doses (75, 100 mg/kg body weight) compared with control group. In addition, the proteinous compound in a dose (100 g/kg body weight) showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol and total lipids level. In diabetic rats, the proteinous compound in a dose of (100mg/kg body weight) showed a significant decrease in serum glucose, cholesterol and total lipids levels.

A series of substituted chalcones (1-6) were synthesized and used to prepare some new five membered heterocyclic compounds (pyrazolines) (7-12) by their condensation with phenylhydrazine, and six membered heterocyclic compounds (pyrimidinones)
(13-18) by their condensation with urea.
All reactions were carried out under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) technique, employing tributylbenzylammonium bromide (TBBAB) as a catalyst in 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide in benzene (liquid-liquid system) .The structures of products were identified by physical and spectroscopic methods.

The square wave voltammetric (SWV) behavior of eight substituted N-benzylidene anilines (I-VIII) C6H5-CH=N-C6H4R Where R=H,p-CH3,m-CH3,p-OCH3,m-OCH3,p-Cl,p-Br,and p-I respectively have been studied in Dimethyl sulphoxide (non aqueous medium) in presence of LiClO4( as supporting electrolyte). All these compounds show a well defined one reduction peak with the exception of p-Br and p-I which show two reduction peaks appeared at potential Ep= -1.854,-1.894, -1.826, -1.916, -1.832 and -1.732 vs. Ag/AgCl,KCl for compounds I-VI, respectively .The peaks obtained are recommended for trace determination of these compounds . Regression analysis on the standard curve for all compounds studied indicate a linear relationship between peak current and concentration over the range 3.8 x 10-6 – 1.5 x 10-4 M with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.99.

The recalibrated Thackston and Krenkel (TK) equation, which was originally derived for natural reaeration of streams and rivers, is used here for the evaluation of artificial reaeration of water. As many as 180 experiments were conducted in order to provide the data needed for this study. A laboratory – scale open channel was used for the experimental part of this study. Artificial roughness was provided by attaching crushed stones to the channel bed. Each of the three sets of experiments involved was performed using different size of bed stone, namely; 12.70 mm, 22.75 mm and 34,60 mm. The bed slopes used at each set of experiments were (0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.0005 ), respectively.
An average calibration constant (C) of (218 × 10– 6) was obtained for TK equation for artificial reaeration. In terms of Froude number (F), the calibration constant (C) was found to have a value of (249 × 10– 6 F0.22). The analysis of the data obtained reveals that the reaeration coefficient (k2) is a function of channel bed slope. The higher values of the ratio (u* / h) were obtained at the lower values of shear velocities (u*) and flow depth (h). At each slope in each set of experiments the relationship between (k2) and (u* / h) was found to be of power function.

Some substituted N-methylene-2-(3,1-benzoxazonyl-4-one) amide (3a-c) were prepared from reaction of acetic anhydride with N-acyl anthranilic acid (2a-c) was synthesized from anthranilic acid with acyl glycinyl chloride. Treatment of (3a-c) with POCl3 gave imidazolo-[1,5-a]-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (4a-c).
Quinazoline derivatives (6a-c) were prepared by reaction of methyl anthranilate with imidoyl chloride, the resulting esters were then converted to the hydrazides (7a-c). The synthesized compounds were identificated by IR and UV spectra.

Metal complexes of the general formula [M(L)2]X {where M is Cr(III) and Fe(III) and L, N- (cinnamalidene) leucine or N- (cinnamalidene) phenylalanine is a Schiff base formed by condensation of cinnamaldehyde (Cinn) with amino acid, L-Leucine (Leu) or L-Phenylalanine (Phe); X = Cl- or NO3-}, have been prepared and characterized by analytical, spectral, magnetic and conductance measurements. IR spectra showed that the nitrogen of the azomethine group, carbonyl oxygen and the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the amino acid take part in cardination. Magnetic measurements and electronic spectral studies suggested an octahedral structures for all complexes. Conductance measurements showed a 1:1 electrolytic nature of the complexes.

The polarographic behavior of doxycyline has been studied in phosphate buffer at different pH (2-9). The compound shows four reduction peaks at pH 2-4 , three reduction peaks are observed at pH 5&6 and only two reduction peaks at pH 7-9.
The best well-defined two peaks observed at pH 7.0, appearing at-1.09 V and -1.26 V versus Ag/AgCl, sat.KCl are used in this study for microdetermination of doxycycline. The lowest experimental determination limit is 1.85 x 10-7 M . The method is successfully applied to the determination of doxycycline in vivo (serum and urine).

Salicylideneanilines in CCl4 form 1:1 charge transfer complexes with Eu(fod)3, indicated by the observation of a new longer wavelength band (~435 nm).
Equilibrium constant values (K) for the complexes were obtained by applying Benesi-Hildebrand equation at different temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters ∆H, ∆S and ∆G of the complex formation were determined at these temperatures.

This research investigates the relationships between cloudiness and different meteorological factors in Mosul City during the period (1980-2000).
The result indicate that there is a significant variation of cloudiness during the period of study where the value of the coefficient variation (CV) is ranged between
(15-81)%.
The results also showed that there is a clear oscillation of cloudiness during the months of the year.
The correlation coefficient (R) between cloudiness and the other meteorological elements (solar radiation, sunshine hours, relative humidity, air temperature and rainfall) are: (R= -0.82, R= -0.93, R= 0.97, R= -0.96, R= 0.92) respectively.

Substitution mechanism have great effects on superconducting properties of HTSC. In this research a method is proposed to calculate the electrostatic energy for the high temperature superconductor in case of single and double ion simultaneous substitution with different oxidation state and studying the effect of changes in this energy by this substitution. For YBCO the substitution of Ca ion (+2e) instead Y ion (+3e ) decreases the electrostatic energy, and this effect increases with increasing concentration of Ca. Whereas the substitution of Pr ion (+4e) instead Y ion (+3e ) increases the electrostatic energy, and this effect increases with increasing concentration of Pr. The simultaneous substitution of the ion Pr (+4e) for concentration ( 0,05, 0.1,0.15 and 0.2 ) with increasing the concentration of Ca from (0 to 0.1) for each Pr concentration shows increase in the electrostatic energy, but shows decrease with increasing Ca.The decrease of the electrostatic energy is due is due to increase the free hole which leads to increase the transition temperature Tc whereas the increase of the electrostatic energy is due to decrease in the free hole which leads to decrease Tc .

The effect of silica filler percent on breakdown voltage(VBD) and some mechanical properties (Tensile strength (T.S),Ultimate elongation (E%)and Equilibrium swelling (Q%)) of Styrene–Butadiene rubber filled with (20,40,60,80,100) phr (part per hundred rubber) of silica have been investigated. It was found that breakdown voltage and tensile strength were increased, while ultimate elongation and equilibrium swelling were decreased with increasing of silica filler percent. The effect of thermal aging on these properties was investigated. It was found that breakdown voltage, equilibrium swelling and ultimate elongation were slightly decreased while tensile strength was increased with aging time. The largest effect during aging appeared on samples with smaller filler loading. The same tests have been done for all samples after2 years (i.e Natural aging). It was found that breakdown voltage, ultimate elongation and tensile strength were slightly decreased while equilibrium swelling was increased compared to thermal aging results, although that the effect of both agings is the same on each property for samples with different silica filler percents.

Thin films of (CdS – CdTe ) have been fabricated on glass substrates using vacuum thermal evaporation technique. The effect of substrate temperature on the electrical characteristics for the fabricated structure at (4000 0A ) thickness with 2 0A / sec deposition rate have been investigated.
The substrate temperature was very important parameter on the fabricated films , and a good adhesion film obtained at (170 0C). Resistivity of the films decreased as the substrate temperature increased up to (170 0C) and then started increasing gradually at temperatures above 170 0C. Also, has been observed that the resistivity decreased with increasing the biasing voltage.
The linear relation for ( I –V ) characteristics at different substrate temperatures has been obtained for fabricated films.