Rafidain Journal of Science

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of olive leaves on carbohydrate metabolism in male rabbits (8-10 weeks old). The animals were divided into 3 groups of six a animals each. The first and second groups were treated daily for 10 weeks with olive leaves (2.5 with ration) and with olive leaves boiled extract ( 2500 mg/kg B.wt orally)respectively. The third group served as control. The results showed alterations in carbohydrate metabolism as manifested by the significant decrease in blood glucose levels and the accompanied changes in the chemical composition of liver as represented by the significant increase in the percentage of carbohydrate in the treated groups and protein in the groups treated with olive leaves in ration and in the thigh as represented by the significant increase in the percentage of protein in the treated groups and fat and carbohydrate in the groups treated with olive leaves with ration. The results also showed significant increase in the mean body weigh increment and feed efficiency in the group treated with olive leaves with vation.

Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with corn and soy bean plants by using three species of VAM fungi (Glomus Mosseae, Glomus Etunicatum , Gigaspora Sp.) and four levels of phosphor (0, 25 , 50 ,100 ppm.) under sterilized soil condition . the results showed more differences in different fungi on growth acceptance of plant families , Glomus Mosseae caused highest response level in growth and root infection in corn plants while Glomus Etunicatum was superior among different VAM fungi and give highest response level and root infection in soy bean plants. generally root infection levels in vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhiza decrease with increasing phosphorus level added to the plant growth medium. therefore VAM fungi give different ways for infection levels depending on plant type and phosphoru level added to plant growth medium. the results revealed that there are correspondence among dry weight, percentage of infection and phosphorus levels added to the companion of Glomus Mosseae fungi and corn plants and Glomus Etunicatum and soy bean plants.

The poisonous effect of Capparis spinosa and Citrullus colocynthis aqeous extracts were investigated on the growth of Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro .
The results indicate that these extracts affect greatly the number of Leishmania major promatigotes at concentration between ( 1.75 – 4.25) mg/ml for Capparis and (1.25 – 2.5) mg / ml for citrullus respective. The decrease was gradual during the growth period. High concentration (4.25) mg/ml of Capparis plant extract caused about (73%) decrease in the number and (79%)at concentration on(2.5) mg / ml of citrullus extract at (96) hours of growth.

148 samples were collected including 74 throat swabs and 74 Nasopharyngal swabs from children with ages from after birth to 12 years old. From day care centera and primary school in Mosul city, data about sex , age , type of feeding , Respiratory tract infections , smoking exposure and Scocio-economic state were recorded .
Isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenza (Hi) were done depending on morphological and biochemical tests.
The results showed that the carriage rate with Hi bacteria was 38.5%, 56% , of it was from Nasopharynx and 44% from throat as well as the carriage state in breast feeded children was 72%, while 26% , 2% in battle feeded and mixed feeded children respectively also it showed that the highest carriage rate was in the age group 4-6 years old with predominance of male. This study appeared that 24% of carriage were infected with respiratory tract infections and 80% of them were exposed to smoking, in addition the socioeconomic state showed an important effect on carriage rate it found that 52% of carriers were living in medium economic level , 30% in bad level, 18% in a good one.

Serum ˜5 -Nucleotidase , Alkaline phosphatase activities and Calcium concentration were measured in forty- two pregnant women with some bone diseases. As well as in twenty- five healthy women as control group. In comparison to control group. The results show significant increase in serum ˜5 -Nucleotidase and Alkaline phosphatase activities and Significant decrease in serum calcium concentration in all patients.

The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Prosopis farcta fruits, Punica granatum fruit peels and Eucalyptus globules leaves singly and mixed on the growth of the yeasts Candida albicans and C. pseudotropicals was studied. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Prosopis farcta fruits were more effective in inhibition of both species, followed by the extracts of Punica granatum fruit peels and Eucalyptus globules leaves. A significant difference in the inhibitory effect of all these extracts was seen. The combination of the extracts of the three medicinal plants for both aqueous and alcoholic extracts showed a significant increase in the inhibitory activity compared with a combination of Punica granatum fruit peels and Eucalyptus globules leaves which was in the second rank and Prosopis farcta fruits and Punica granatum fruit peel which lies on the third rank, and finally the Prosopis farcta fruits and Eucalyptus globules leaves.

The F2 generation from half diallel crosses between five varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Intesar, Rabbeaa, Abu-Greeb-3, Adnanyi and Al-Eas) were used to estimate general combining ability for parental varieties, specific combining ability for their half diallel crosses in F2 generation, Inbreeding depression in F2 generation and Broad sense heritability for the following traits : plant height, number of tillers, number of spikes per plant , spike length , number of grains per spike, 100 seeds weight and grain yield per plant. The results indicated that there were additive and non- additive gene effect for all the studied traits. The non- additive gene effects is more important than the additive for determining these characters.
Some of hybrids showed positive values and significant Inbreeding depression F2 generation for studied traits on the other hand, some hybrids showed negative values and significant inbreeding depression in F2 generation for this studied traits.
Broad sense heritability estimate were high for: plant height, number for tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, spike length, grain yield per plant, Medium for 100-grain weight, and low for number of grains per spike.

One proteinous component had been isolated from gel filtration chromatograghy of the full saturated precipitate produced by ammonium sulphate of the aqueous extract of the Cinnamomum cassia bark. The apparent molecular weight of the isolated component was found to be (6558) Dalton using gel filtration chromatograghy and (6732) Dalton using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the cold crude aqueous extract non- proteinous extract and proteinous component isolated from aqueous extract were lowered glucose level using a dose of 100 mg/kg weight. The percent decrease were (38%, 21% and 25%) respectively in normal mice, where as in diabetic mice, the proteinous component isolated from aqueous extract was the most effective in lowering glucose level using a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight where the percent decrease was 85%. Finally, the crude aqueous extract and proteinous component isolated from the cold aqueous extract showed a significant decrease in the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in normal mice. However, in diabetic mice, the cold non- proteinous extract was the most effective in lowering TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C levels.

In this work, thermal stability of epoxy resin blended with polyurea- metal complexes were investigated using (TGA) and compared with the non- blended polyurea complexes. It was found that the polyureas alone exhibit thermal stability between 250-310 ْ C. The values of IDT decreased in the order PBU>POU> PPU>PTU, while the values of MDT is much closer to each other in the rang 335- 350 ْ C. The differences between TGA thermograms appeared in polyurea complexes were approximately diminished in epoxy blend thermograms especially in the region 300-500ْ C. The complete decomposition temperature for the blends are more than 600ْ C whilest, this temperature not exceeds 400 ْ C for epoxy resin alone. The average reference values IDT, MDT and (W%) 350 are 118ْ C, 386ْ C and 62% respectively for the untreated samples and raised to 180ْ C , 590 ْ C and 86% respectively for (alkaline or acidic ) treated blends.

The research included a biochemical study of lipid peroxidation and other antioxidants and their relation with Diabetes Mellitus ( D.M.) type I (50 patients) and type II (100 patients). Measurement of some biochemical parameters were performed.
The results of statistical analysis showed a significant increase of malondialdehyde peroxy nitrite radical and superoxide dismutase activity in serum of patients with type II when compared with normal. A significant decrease was also observed in concentration of vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, selenium, ceruloplasmine, uric acid and zinc in serum of diabetic patients of both types and peroxy nitrite radical in type I only.
Other factors such as age, duration of the disease states, glucose concentration on lipid peroxidation and other antioxidants concentration were also performed. The results predicated that there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde with age in both types of diabetes and a significant decrease in serum concentration of vitamin C and E, glutathione with age in type II. A significant increase in MDA concentration with a decrease in vitamin C were also found in patients with increasing the duration of disease and a significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration with increasing blood glucose concentration, while there was a significant decrease in vitamin C and E concentrations.