Rafidain Journal of Science

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of split phosphorus application on the vegetative growth of three wheat varieties. The results showed that split phosphorus application gave higher fresh and dry weights and greater height of wheat plants as compared to one dressing of P fertilizer. Intisar variety produced higher vegetative growth than Tummooz-2 and Abu-Garib-3.

During September 1997 and August 1998, 1049 tonsil swabs were collected, the study showed that the Streptococcus pyogenes responsible of tonsillitis infection, morphological, biochemical and serological test were used for identification of this bacteria. The results showed that the infection of tonsils begins from September and reach it’s peak during January , February, March and April, also the percentage of infection among females were higher during February than in male. while in March the reverse noticed, age group of (9-10) and (15-16) for both sexes were found to have the highest percentage of tonsillitis compared with other groups throughout the seasonal variations, the results indicated that the infection of tonsils due to S. pyogenes in males were more than in females, also the study showed that those who had tonsillectomy still carried S. pyogenes in their larynges.

The aqueous crude extract of Trigonella foenum graecum was prepared and its inhibitory effect on Trichomonas vaginalis was tested with a concentration 10mg/ml at different time exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96) hours compared with zero time (control), the results showed that the aqueous extract of T.f. graecum completely inhibited the growth of T. vaginalis at 48 hours, this effect was highly significant when compared with standard antibiotic (Metronidazole) commonly used for the treatment of T. vaginalis infection. In order to decrease the concentration of the aqueous T.f. graecum extraction, two extracts were mixed together at the same concentration such as: (5mg/ml of T.f. graecum + 5mg/ml of Thymus vulgaris, 5mg/ml of T.f. graecum + 5mg/ml of Matricaria chamomilla and 5mg/ml of T.f. graecum + 5mg/ml of Cyperus rotundus) to test the effectiveness of the combination. It was found that the mixing of two extracts produced a best effect.

Xanthan production by Xanthomonas Campestris ATCC 13951 was studied in a basal medium containing various carbon and nitrogen sources. The greatent yeild of Xanthan was achieved with sucrose and sodium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The yeild of Xanthan was abtained with lactose and sodium nitrite.Regarding the optimum comcentrations of both sucrose and sodium nitrate, 7.5% and .124% respectivly gave the highest production of Xanthan.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of boiled extract of oak (Quercus aegilops) leaves on blood glucose, cholesterol levels, total count of leuko cyte, erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentration in male rabbits. The animals were divided into 2 groups of six animals each. The first group was treated daily for 28 days with oak leaves boiled extract (250 mg/kg B. wt.) orally. The second group treated with distilled water served as control. The results showed that treatment with oak leaves boiled extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared with the control group. The results also showed a significant increase in the total white blood cells count.

Both Merops apiaster and Corvus frugilegus were found to be infected with Haemoproteus parasites which were considered as new hosts for this parasite. Paricterotaenia was isolated from M. apiaster which was considered as a new host for this cestode, while Dilepis was isolated from C. frugilegus which was also considered as new host for this cestode.

This research deals with the possibility of assaying the activity of adenosin deaminase (ADA) for Tuberculosis diagnosis. Results indicated that its activity increases by Tuberculosis infection though its level in serum is lower than in pleural effusion samples due to infection by pleural effusion Tuberculosis. The high values of ADA activity on pleural effusion infection, makes this a specific test for Tuberculosis infection rather than total protein test and leucocyte differentiation number which are not specific tests for this case.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold and boiled aqueous extracts of Cucurbita pepo fruit on blood glucose and cholesterol levels in chickens. Chickens of (10 days age, 90-100 gm weight) were divided into seven groups. The first and second groups were treated with cold and boiled aqueous extracts of whole fruit at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Body weight respectively. The third and fourth groups were treated with cold and boiled aqueous extracts of mesocarp at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Body weight respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were treated with cold and boiled aqueous extracts of exocarp at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Body weight respectively, while the seventh group was treated with distilled water (control group).
A significant reduction in blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared with the control group was indicated after two hours treatment. The results revealed that treatment with cold and boiled aqueous extracts of mesocarp caused a significant decrease in blood glucose and cholesterol levels in chickens especially the dose (250) mg/kg Body weight.

The study was carried out during the summer of 2000, as (2×4) factorial experiment according to randomize complete block design, with three replicates, using two cotton varieties. The first factor consists of two varieties, Ashor and coker 310, while the second factor consists of four levels of gamma radiation (0 , 10 , 20 and 40 Krad).
Ashore cultivar was significantly superior than coker 310 in: boll weight and seeds index, while coker 310 cultivar was significantly superior in: No. of days to first boll opening. No significant difference between the two cultivars were appeared in: no. of vegetative and fruiting branches, no. of nodes following first fruiting branches, no. of days to first flower opening, no. of bolls/plant, no. of seeds/boll, seed cotton yield/plant and ginning out-turn.
Different doses of gamma ray showed significant difference in: no. of fruit branches/plant, the nodes following first flower and boll opening, bolls weight, no. of seeds/boll, seed index, and seed cotton yield/plant. The two factors showed some significant interactions in some traits.

Specimens of the isolated bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae from various pathogenic cases in human (urine, pus, stool, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid) were studied. These specimence were classified into five groups of isolates according to their resistance to the antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenico, streptomycine, cephalexine). Some of the characters are studied for the plasmid DNA in these isolates, of these, the self-transmissible ability of the plasmid DNA molecules though conjugation.The plasmid DNA of the isolates (1, 2, 4) have the ability to transfer the antibiotic resistant genes to the laboratory strain of E. coli (JM83). Then the amplification of the plasmid DNA were studied in these isolates. Only the isolates (3, 5) have revealed high yield of purified plasmid DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol (100mg/ml).

Many married women in Nenavah Governorate suffer from abortion, which is mostly due to Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by a parasite Toxoplasma gondii, especially in pregnant women, therefore, the present study aimed to isolate this parasite from (50) placental tissue of aborted women attending Al-Kansa Hospital in Mosul. The results show the presence of parasite in (42) samples after intraperitoneal inoculation in the laboratory mice. The results also show the presence of the tissue cysts in the brain tissue of the (84) inoculated mice within (3-4) weeks of inoculation as a confirmatory method in the diagnosis of this infection.

This investigation was done to study the possibility of enterotoxin production by local isolates of the bacterium Morganella morganii .Specimen were obtained from infantile diarrhoeal patients of ages 2 years or less in Mosul City .418 stool specimen were collected, 4.54% of which were Morganella morganii (about 19 isolates).Suckling mice assay was depended in detecting heat stable enterotoxin producing strains. It was shown that 42.1% of the strains were producers. On the other hand Delayed rabbit skin permeability assay, Rabbit ligated ileum and the enlargments of mouse thymus were done to study heat labile enterotoxin. Results revealed that 36.84% of isolates were producers. Finally, to determine the nature of effect of enterotoxins on intestinal cells a comparison was made on histological section and control animals. No variations were noticed between untreated and negative animals. However, great differences were noted between intestinal tissue of positive suckling mice and others .A destroyed villi layer was noted with the appearance of red corpuscles. Therefore, we conclude that the enterotoxin is cytotoxic to the intestine.

Susceptibility to the following antibiotics [Ampicillin (10µg), Erythromycin (15µg), Amoxycillin (10µg), Rifadin (30µg), Tetrayclin (30µg), Penicillin (10µg) and Metronidazle (5µg) ] of 50 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori from despotic patient was determined by Kirby and Bauer method which modified by Vandepitte. Helicobacter pylori isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Amoxycillin. And failure of identication of Helicobacter pylori was noted in patient who had been treated with Amoxycllin, Metronidazole, Cimetidine and Antacid in 92.9%. This study also revealed that the patient who had not received proper antibiotics, the gastritis resulting from Helicobacter pylori can lead to a more serious conditions like gastric, duodenal and esophageal ulceration's in a rate of 100%.

279 samples of aspirate from respiratory tract infected neonates has been collected by Fluid Sucker including 100 samples from full term neonates, 109 samples from premature births and 70 samples from healthy neonates (control). The samples were cultured in Methylene Blue - Glucose Diphasic Medium. Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were confirmed by Morphological & Biochemical test , sensitivity to antibiotics were also studied. The results showed that Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been isolated from full term , premature neonates by 6.1 % and 10.2 % respectively it was isolated from control samples. The out comes of sensitivity and resistance for antibiotics showed that this bacteria was sensitive to Gentamycin , Tetracyclin , Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol while it was resistant to Vancomycin , Rifampicin , Ampicilin and Trimethoprim .

The results of this study revealed that the LC50 values of Dimilin 10% E.C, Match 50% E.C and Trigard75% W.P. on eggs of Ephestia cautella (Walk.) and Ephestia calidella (Guenee) were varied according to the host kinds and insect species. Match has a superior value of toxicity ratio and relative efficiency on eggs of E. cautella reaches 100 and 650 % respectively. The eggs of both species treated with sub- lethal concentration of insect growth inhibitors showed an increasing in eggs incubation period and reduction in eggs hatching percentage comprised with the control. The effect of egg treatment expand to the larval stage and increase the larval period, reduce the pupation percentage, elongate the pupal period, reduce the eclosion percentage of the adult and reduce the adult stage period and the number of eggs laid by the female

Specimence of E. coli cultures isolated from different humane sources of infections (Urinary tract, diarrhea and otitis media) after identification, using cultural characters, biochemical tests and serotyping. These cultures classified according to their resistance to the antibiotics (Ampicilline, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycine sulfate) to five groups of E. coli isolates show variations in their resistance to these antibiotics in order to characterize the purified plasmid DNA of isolated E. coli, a group of properties were examined and they show that most plasmid DNA in these isolates are capable to transfer itself among E. coli isolates through conjugation process. In addition plasmid DNA shows ability to amplify its copy number after prolonged treatment of cultures with chloramphenicol except for one that purified from strain isolated from otitis media.

In this paper production of the polysaccharide “Xanthan” from whey milk in a two-component mixed culture, was investigated Xanthomonath campestris ATCC 13951 was used as the source of Xanthan production while Kluyveromyces lactis EMCC 9 was used as a source of the enzymes beta-galactosidease which hydrolyses lactos the main sugar found in whey. In comparing the results of monocultures of X. campestris in whey medium and the mixed culture of X. campestris and K. lactis it was found that mixed culture were superior in the production of Xanthan from the monoculture of X. campestris particularly when K. lactis cultured (36 hours) after the culture of the bacterium in four day incubation period.

This study aimed to test the effect of aqueous extract of five plants Cuscuta chinensis Lam, Melia azedarach L., Nerium oleander L., Ricinus communis L. and Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers, at three concentrations, 2.5, 5 and 10%, as wheat grains treatment against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. Results indicated that M. azedarach and N. oleander extracts had high effect on the average progeny number produced which was 13, 14.33 respectively, versus 43 in control while it was 36, 39.66 and 37.66 for C. chinensis, R. communis and O. aegyptiaca, respectively. The type of plant extract and its concentration had significant effect to the generation period loss in weight and germination of infested grains. It was also found that 80, 76.66% of larvae exposed to treated grains with plant extract of M. azedarach and N. oleander failed to complete their development to adult insect M. azedarach extract showed repellent effect to larvae when used free choice test for feeding, 5.50% of which attracted to treated wheat grains.
On the other hand the adult insects did not show Significant effect in its choice for treated wheat grains with plant extract to egg lying.

In the present study, 20 types of morganocins were prepared from 19 isolates of Morganella morganii isolated from infantile diarrhoea patients in addition to one standard strain (Cod No. A236).
The activity effects of morganocins showed variations on the isolates used. Some had a wide spectrum (inhibited 68.4% of the isolates) while the others had a narrow spectrum effect (inhibited 5.3% of the isolates).
Variations in the activity were also observed in the sensitivity of isolates to the different morganocins. One strain only showed resistance to all morganocins, therefore the percentage of the sensitivity of strains was 95%.

In this research the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection was conducted among children of Al–Nusoor kindergarten, Mosul city.A total of 177 children were examined by adhesive cellophane tape swab. The overall infection percentage of enterobiasis was 24.3%. As for sex, there were no significant difference between positive percentage (boys 23.3%, girls 25.3%), while significant difference was found among the positive percentage for ages, the highest was detected in age 6 years and lowest in age 4 years. There was significant correlation between enterobiasis and anal pruritus. The infection percentage was greatly dependant on the number of children per family. The ethanol of 70% concentration terminated all the eggs after 48 hours and caused higher effect than ethanol of 50% or septol, the eggs kept their shapes and viability for more than 8 days in septol. All the eggs incubated at 37C and dry conditions were terminated after 24 hours, while at temperature (18–22) C, the eggs kept their shapes and viability for more than 18 days. Moreover, the children in kindergarten may be a source of infection for the elder ones in the family.

In this study we compared the efficiency of some serological tests which used for diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis among women in child bearing age, there ages ranging between (45≥-20≤) years in Nenava Governorate. Fifty serum samples were examined using the three serological tests Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Latex Agglutination Test (LAT).
The results shows that the LAT gives the highest positive number among all age group in this study, which reach (32) cases (66%) followed by IgG-ELISA (52%) and IFAT (42%). The results also shows that the LAT is more efficient in detection the infective pregnant women (86.6%).

It was found that different derivatives from Triazoles produced locally can be used instead of the imported cytokinins in the medium for initiation of cell suspension and single cell of lettuce plant.
Addition of NAA to MS media containing the triazoles derivative enhanced greatly the initiation of cell suspension and division better than the effect of standard growth regulators. Moreover, these compounds sustain the cell division in the systems used. The density of the cells in the suspension medium reached 21.1 X 103 cell/cm3 in the presence of compound E, 17.0 X 10-3 cell/cm-3 with compound G and 11.1 X 103 cell/cm3 with compound F in contrast with 8.8 X 103 cell/cm3 in the standard medium after 6 days of growth.
The results indicate that addition of these compounds increased greatly the viability of the single cell system in the same way as in the case of the standard medium. Addition of these compounds instead of standard cytokinins with NAA stimulates the growth of the cells grown on Agar-Drop system with the formation of callus with the lapse of growth period. The initiation of callus by this method was between18 to 47 % as compared with 63% in the standard medium.
It can be concluded that these prepared compounds can be used as a new growth regulators instead of the standard cytokinins. These compounds can be used in the other tissue culture system for different plants

This study try to determine the rate of Toxoplasma infection among a sample of (176) women in child bearing age in Nenavah Governorate and comparing this rate with prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in the previous years. So that serological tests were done to detect acute and chronic infection by using Latex agglutination test (LAT) and Modified agglutination test (MAT). The results show that the ages of women sample in this study ranged between (< 20 - > 45), the age group (20-24) years has the highest rate of infection, also the highest rate of infection was in the titer (32) in a percentage (41.4%). There is no significant difference between percentages of titer for all positive cases.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Tannin and anemia on dietary iron absorption and som physiological features in weanling albino male rats, Forty eight rate were used as a biological model for this study. These rats were randomly divided into two major groups (Anemic and Healthy). First group get anemic by induce bleeding from Retro-ocular vein. Each major group contains 24 rats were divided into 4 group, each subdivided group fed one type of diet (4 types of diets were used: Standard Diet, Basic Diet with Tannin, High Density Diet and Low Density Diet). Those diets fed to rats for 10 days, then estimation of dietary iron absorption and nutritional status were performed for anemic and healthy rats by estimating Hemoglobin concentration, Body weight changes, Diet and dietary iron intake weights, And eliminated feces and fecal iron weights, Analysis of variance showed that anemic rats absorb iron more than healthy one, Tannin decrease iron absorption in both anemic and healthy rats. Finally, high density diet is more efficient than other diets in improving nutrition status in anemic rats.