Rafidain Journal of Science

A methanol and aqueous extracts of fennel seeds showed the presence of new flavonoides with its glycosides. The analysis of flavonoides glycoside and its aglycone was made by three chromatographic techniques: thin layer chromatography (T.L.C), two-ensional T.L.C and column chromatography. and with comparing the relative retention times of the resolved peaks with those of authentic samples analyzed under the same experimental conditions.

When selenium is added to human blood in vitro it is taken up by the erythrocytes in the first minutes and then most of which is released into the plasma.
By using the technique of gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-75) for separating the selenium binding protein inside erythrocytes, it was found one protein peak for sample treated with selenium for (5, 30 min) and sample without selenium. It is clear that maximum concentration of selenium was found in protein peak treated with selenium for (5 min), while protein peak treated with selenium for (30 min) showed a higher molecular weight.
The results demonstrate the binding of selenium with protein inside erythrocytes and its release into the plasma leaving the selenium binding protein.

This paper can be used for determining the service life and storage condition of the rubber structure of British marine hovercraft using kinetic equations. It has been found that the calculated data are parallel with practical indicating the possibility of using this method for evaluating the service life and storage condition for this product and also for other related rubbery products.

Polyamine oxidase (PAO) was purified from lactating mother's milk using dialysis, anion exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose), gel filtration and SDS- polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Three PAO isoenzymes Ia, Ib and IIa were obtained from normal maternal milk with specific activity of 529.6, 1008.0 and 520.7 unit/ mg protein respectively and with purification fold of 229, 436 and 225 respectively, compared to crude enzyme.
The kinetic parameters of polyamine (spermidine) oxidation by PAO were studied. A linear relationship were obtained between PAO isoenzymes activity and protein concentration up to 60 sec. The optimal pH for the isoenzymes Ia, Ib and IIa were 8.6, 7.2, and 7.2 respectively. The Michaelis Menten constant (km) were ، and M spermidine respectively.
Phenyl hydrazine was found to inhibit completely the activity of IIa, but showed different inhibitory effects on Ia and Ib activity. Iodoacetamide showed different inhibitory effects on the Ia and IIa activity but showed no inhibitory effect on Ib activity.
It was found that the approximate molecular weight of the isoenzymes Ia, Ib and IIa were 60255, 56234 and 46773 dalton respectively using SDS - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Asphalt was modified through catalyzed treatments with sulphur and recycled polymers separately. Different asphalt samples (57 samples) of various chemical compositions were prepared utilizing different reaction parameters and conditions. These asphalt samples were carbonized by thermal treatments with sulphur or sulphuric acid. Surface active properties and mechanical resistance of carbon samples were used to correlate chemical composition of starting materials, and carbonization method with physical properties of produced carbon.

Poly ethylene was added in different percentages to Asphalt-Sulphur blends that contain from 5-15% by weight Sulphur. Physical properties of Asphalt – Sulphur - Poly ethylene blends were determined. The effect of poly ethylene addition on the homogeneity of Asphalt - Sulphur blends was studied after an aging period of more than one year at ambient temperatures

Two proteinous compounds (I and II) had been isolated by gel filtration chromatography of the full saturated precipitate produced by ammonium sulphate of the aqueous extract of the tubers. The apparent molecular weights of the isolated components(I and II) were in the rang of (63096, 5012) dalton using gel filtration technique and in the range of (61000, 5000) dalton using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.
The results showed that the aqueous extract and the low molecular weight proteinous compound (II) were lowered glucose level using a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight and the percent decrease were 45% and 47% respectively in normal mice. Where as in diabetic mice, the low molecular weight proteinous compound (II) was the most effective in lowering glucose level using both doses (75 and 125 mg/kg body weight) and the percent decrease were 64% and 69% respectively.
Finally, the aqueous extract and the proteinous compound I (125 mg/kg body weight) were the most effective in lowering cholesterol level in normal mice. Where as in diabetic mice, the aqueous extract and the proteinous compound I in both doses (125 and 75 mg/kg body weight) were the most effective in lowering cholesterol level

This study gives a comparison between two different industrial units that utilized thermal treatment principles to purify raw sulphur from accompanied bituminous impurities. Different designs and processing approaches were adopted in each unit.
The first unit was built by the Japanese Nissan chemical industries company Ltd. Conventional indirect heating techniques was used to heat sulphur to the required levels. The second unit was built by an American company called Freeport. Direct heating through a new technique called submerged combustion distillation was used to heat sulphur to the desired temperature. Drawbacks and some negative features of submerged combustion distillation technique compared with direct heating technique are presented. Some of these drawbacks are represented by the new complicated techniques implemented in this treatment, which resulted in increasing production cost through the production of larger quantities of gases, and the complication of their nature through increasing percentages of sour components.