Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the fumigation toxicity and the repellent effect of the honeybee propolis (Apis mellifera) oil at five concentrations (0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50%) over time periods (12,24,48,72) hours, against adults and third instar larvae of red flour beetle. The results showed that all concentrations were toxic and repellent for both adults and larvae, the lowest concentration of 0.12% caused a significant killing rate of 79 and 68%, while the highest concentration of oil 1.50% caused a killing rate of 96 and 94 % in adults and larvae after 72 hours of treatment respectively. The concentrations also showed a repellent effect for the adults and larvae with an expulsion rate of (- 86 , - 84) at 0.50% after half an hour of the test, respectively, and the repellency percentage increased with the increased time and concentrations. The results showed that the adults were more sensitive to the oil than the larvae after 24 hours of treatment.
Main Subjects
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