Rafidain Journal of Science

Phenotypic variance in parents and third generation were analyzed to estimate the additive genetic variance, dominance genetic variance, environmental variance, average degree of dominance, heritability in broad sense, heritability in narrow sense and expected genetic advance from selection in F3 generation, of two crosses in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), the first cross between Azeghar-1 and Um-Rabie-5 and the second cross between Leeds and Waha for traits, heading time, flag leaf venation, plant height, peduncle length, number of spike, spike length, grain yield, 100 grains weight and number of grains per spike. Average degree of dominance revealed the different types of dominance for the studied traits, the values of narrow sense heritability were high for plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes, grain yield and number of grains per spikes in both crosses, spike length and weight of 100 grains in first cross, and flag leaf venation in second cross.

In the present research, a spectrophotometric method is suggested as an alternative to the gravimetric method used to find mishraq alum purity. The method is based on the complex formation between aluminium ion and either Chrome Azurol S (CAS) or Eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) to give colored products suitable for the determination of aluminium. The same reaction has been applied to the determination of fluoride in tablet, depending on the bleaching effect of fluoride on the formed aluminium colored complex. Statistical comparison of method has given satisfactory results

Optimum total efficiency and output power were derived for Nd:YAG laser with symmetrical resonator configuration, taking into account a new interaction factor called spatial interaction efficiency factor. Under the assumption of the same pumping power and the same resonator losses, the results interacted a lower output power and higher lasing threshold provided that the mirror reflectivity was optimized as compared with a laser system that did not take the spatial interaction efficiency factor into consideration.

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of cobalt with Mordant Blue 9 in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in order to form an intense violet-colored chelate which exhibits maximum absorption at 586 nm at pH 3. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range of 0.004 -1 ppm with a molar absorptivity 3.97×104 l.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity index of 1.484 ng.cm-2, while LOD (limit of dedication), LOQ (limit of quantitation) are found to be 4.006 ng/ml (n=10) and 13.353 ng/ml (n=10), respectively. The method has been applied for determination of Co(II) in pharmaceutical preparations.

This study was conducted to prepare cold and boiled aqueous extracts of Pyrus malus fruits, and thens to isolate extracts of alkaloid, flavonoids and glycosides for this plant. The study also comprised the sisolation and study the proteinous compounds, one of the techniques used to isolation was the gel filtration technique which was isolated two compounds A (166226) Dalton, B (2925) Dalton from the cold proteinous precipitate and two compounds A (34609) Dalton, B (719) Dalton from the boiled proteinous precipitate. The effects of these extracts and compounds previously mentioned above were studied on serum glucose, total cholesterol, total lipids, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, also glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, kidney and heart tissues in mice exposed to oxidative stress. These extracts were administrated intraperitoneally.
After one week from the treatment the results were indicated that the cold and boiled crude aqueous, non proteinous extracts, proteinous precipitate and proteinouse compounds (B) which were isolated from it at the doses of 500,500,490.35, 491.66, 9.65,8.34,5.07,3.836) mg/kg body weights ,also the alkaloids, flavonoids at the doses of (0.52,0.31) mg/kg body weights were caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum glucose, total cholesterol, total lipids, LDL-C levels and MDA level in liver, kidney and heart tissues, with an associated significant increase (p<0.05) in serum HDL-C level and GSH level in liver, kidney and heart tissues in mice exposed to oxidative stress. Finally we suggested most of extracted isolated from fruits of apple (especially the extract of flavonoids) have antioxidant in mice exposed to oxidative stress.

Twenty bacterial isolates were collected from human diarrheal samples and then identified. Seven out of twenty isolates were E. coli and three P. mirabilis . These isolates were checked for their resistance to six antibiotics and two heavy metals ( HgCl2 and Cdcl2). The bacterial isolates showed variation in their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals.and only one E. coli but all P. mirabilis isolates showed high level of resistance. Transposition induction of genes in the two chosen bacterial isolates was carried out.. Our results suggested that in E. coli isolate, neomycin resistance gene was induced to jump and insert itself into chloramphenicol and tetracyclin resistance genes causing them to mutate .in percents reaching 80% and 8% respectively. On the other hand, the streptomycin resistance gene transposition appear to be specific for generating mutations in the heavy metals resistance genes at rates 48% and 100 % respectively. In addition, transposition induction of the above genes in the chosen P. mirbilis isolate seemed to cause mutations in ampicilin, chloramphenicol and tetracyclin resistance genes ranging between 2 and 4 % .

This research was concerned with the isolation and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood (shrimp) samples. (40) samples of freshly harvested shrimp from the local markets in Al-Basra city and twenty (20) samples of frozen shrimp (Turkey origin) were collected. Two enrichment methods were used for the enhancement of the growth and isolation of vibrio species, which include enrichment in non selective medium Alkaline peptone water (APW) for 8 hours and then in selective broth salt polymyxin broth (SPB) and then plated on two solid selective media, ThioSulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose agar (TCBS) and Arabinose Ammonium Sulphate Cholate agar (AASC) and morphological, cultural and biochemical tests were performed on the colonies grown on selective media, then we confirmed the identification by using the chromogenic medium ChromagarTM Vibrio for the first time locally. Finally tox R based polymerase chain reaction was used to cofirm the identification of V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed the isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio mimicus in percentage 45%, 20%, 37.5%, 17.5% from fresh shrimp, 35%, 20%, 25%, 15% from the frozen shrimp respectively. The results also showed that there is an accordenance between biochemical tests and ChromagarTM Vibrio. The results of tox R based PCR revealed that 22l25 of V. parahaemolyticus contain the tox R gene which is species-specific gene.

The study of natural radionuclide materials is important to assess the health hazards on human being and one of these materials is 40 K which is present in soil and different types of stones. This study is performed to assess the 40K concentration in mudstones in the north of Iraq by (flame photometry and γ-ray spectroscopy) and to compare between these two techniques in measuring its level. So the activity of potassium was measured by these methods, and their results were compared with the results of other studies. The results show that the concentration of 40K ranges from 284.3 Bq/kg to 2481.2 Bq/kg using γ-ray spectroscopy and 511.7 Bq/kg to 3623.6 Bq/kg using flame photometer technique and these results were comparable with the upper level of the world mean specific concentration of 40K and cause no health hazard. The results obtained by the two methods were also, compared using T-test and P-value and they show no statistical significant difference.

This study is an attempt to evaluate the suitability of the water supply plants of the city of Baghdad, These plants are: A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Important topographical and hydraulic parameters, such as; location of water plant site relative to river (upstream or downstream), type of river section (on straight reach or on bend reach), location of plant site relative to river bank (west side of river or east side of river), type of intake (good or poor), were investigated to assess the operating situation of each water supply station.
The results of the study indicated that the water supply plant is the most suitable one according to the investigated parameters .The Al Karama water supply plant was found to be the most unsuitable one. It is recommended that such plant should be put out of service.

A total of ( 31) white (W) and/or resistant to potassium chlorate (Chl) or sodium selenate (Sel) mutants were isolated from strain AA1; a black wild type strain of the plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata. Exposing conidia of this stain to 20 min UV at a 20 cm – distance was found to kill more than 90% of the conidia and these conditions were adopted to isolate various mutants.Three white mutants; SW1, SW2 and SW3 were isolated as white sectors after two days of irradiating two-day old colonies of AA1. Concentrations of 100, 60, 100 and 80mM potassium chlorate or concentrations of 200, 280, 280 and 200mM sodium selenate completely inhibited the growth of strains AA1, SW1, SW2 and SW3 respectively and these concentrations were used to isolate the various resistant mutants. Twenty spontaneous chlorate- resistant mutants were isolated from strain AA1(Chl5-Chl9) and strain SW3(Chl13-Chl27). Five Sel mutants (Sel1-Sel5) and one chlorate resistant (Chl10) mutants were isolated from irradiating conidia of SW2 and AA1respectively. The double mutants SW4, white conidia and chlorate resistant, was isolated by irradiating conidia of Chl10. This collection of mutants should allow starting the genetic analysis of this important fungus.