Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 1-9
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174269
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were infectious diseases of the urinary system, that were caused by the different causative agents, including fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria. The current study was designed to isolate different bacteria from UTI and choose E. coli isolates to study levels of interleukin-22 in patients infected with it. Furthermore, studying the prevalence of type 1 fimbriae (fimH) virulence gene from isolated E. coli of above patients. Methods: In the present study, a total of (140) midstream urine and serum samples were collected from patients (110 females and 30 males) with the age ranged between 10 to 65 years, who had signs and symptoms and primarily diagnosed with UTI by physician in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital – Mosul/Iraq during the period between January and March 2021, while thirty-four healthy individuals were studied as controls for the ELISA test. Identification of bacterial isolates was done by microscopical examination, biochemical tests, and (API 20E). Furthermore, disc diffusion method was used in antibiotic sensitivity test, and DNA from E. coli isolates was extracted for gene detection. In addition, serum interleukin-22 level was determined via ELISA technique. Results: The mean ± SD age in UTI patients were (32.95 ± 12.80) years, while in the healthy controls group were (35.55 ± 13.51) years. Additionally, E. coli were the most common isolated bacteria from the patient group with a frequency and percentage of 50 (35.7%). Furthermore, when compared to the control group, serum IL- 22 level was significantly higher in the patient's group due to E. coli infection (P<0.001). Moreover, the prevalence of the fimH gene in E. coli isolates was 47 (94.0%) were positive for that gene. Conclusion: The present study revealed that E. coli was the most bacterial infection in patients with urinary tract infection, while the highest E. coli sensitivity was to Meropenem, Nitrofurantoin (F15) and Chloramphenicol also the higher serum IL- 22 level in patients with UTIs due to E. coli compared to controls group. Therefore, IL-22 could be used as a biomarker for UTI. Additionally, the prevalence of the fimH gene in E. coli isolates was present in most isolates.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 10-21
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174270
The study was conducted in the city of Tikrit. Three intersections of the city were chosen. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 30cm with olive and oleander leaves from each location from April to October 2021, to study the effect of heavy metals resulting from the crowded cars at the intersections of Tikrit city on the primary and secondary metabolic products of olive and oleander plants grown on the sides of the roads. The heavy metals were examined in the soil and plants of the study from the selected sites in which the highest rate of Lead (2.1) per part million in the soil of the first site. Iron concentration has part rates, within the permissible limits and reached to (13.9) per part million in the soil of the first site too. The analyses of olive have shown that Iron has been recorded the highest concentration reached (7.23) per part million in the third site. The primary metabolic compounds, such as: carbohydrates and total protein, of the plants have been identified. These compounds have been recorded low rates in olive and oleander leaves as a consequence of the exposure to pollutants, including heavy metals in traffic areas. Five phenolic compounds were diagnosed in olive and oleander leaves, where the highest concentration of the total phenolic content was recorded with a value of (5898.72, 8460.23) per part million, respectively. Meanwhile the phenolic compounds (Quercetin, Cinnamic acid) have recorded the highest values (1223.51, 1067.27) per part million in the both plants respectively.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 22-33
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174271
An easy and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been suggested for the assay of clonazepam (CLZM) as pure form and in its formulation as tablets. The present method based on the reaction of CLZM with alizarin red S reagent (ALRS) via proton transfer reaction to form a colored solution with a maximum absorption at wavelength of 528 nm and the optimal conditions for the reaction were studied. The linearity was within the concentration range from 1 to 30 µg/ml, with an R2 value (determination coefficient) of 0.9882 and the sensitivity express via the molar absorption of 7.04x103 l mol-1.cm-1, while Sandell's sensitivity index has been determined and equal to 0.0448 µg/ cm2.The percentage of relative standard deviation (RSD%) which express the precision of the method, percentage of relative error (RE%) express the accuracy, the LOD and LOQ also have been estimated. The application of the suggested method to the determination of CLZM in tablet gave satisfactory results.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 34-39
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174272
A pn-junction was successfully fabricated by depositing n-type CdSe thin films on p-type Si as a substrate using chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) at 70oC. Time of deposition was 6 hours and the preparing solution was changed every 2 hours during the deposition. Sodium Selenosulfate (with different weights) is the source of Se-2 ions, cadmium nitrate is the source of Cd+2 ions. The (I-V) characteristics for the n-CdSe/p-Si junction show it behaves as a Zener diode in reverse bias, with Zener resistance (3 and 27×103)W. SEM also shows spherical-shape particles with difference grain size (3.8 and 19.8) nm.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 40-46
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174273
Lycopene is antioxidants and natural substance which found in large quantities in reddish color fruits, especially in tomatoes. Consuming lycopene, which is abundant in tomato plants and its products that made from tomatoes, reduce the risk and development of diseases like heart and cancer disease in several recent studies, in addition, lycopene levels in the blood and tissues are reversely related to these chronic diseases, however, studies and researches on the effects of lycopene on bones are rare. Lycopene can prevent loss of bone, especially, there are many drugs used to treat osteoporosis, but this treatment causes harmful side effects. This review outlines the currently available studies on lycopene sources, structure and absorption. This review aims to summarize and investigation the effectiveness of lycopene on bone metabolism that include formation and resorption of bone through its effect on osteoblast cell, and Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Bone turnover signs in women after menopause were reviewed and hypotheses explores that its supplementation with lycopene would increase antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress parameters.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 1-9
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174274
The study included the random selection of water from five wells from the southern districts of Tal Afar district to assess its quality and determine its suitability for drinking purposes and various civil uses by studying the physical and chemical properties (temperature, total solid dissolved materials, pH in addition to positive and negative ions) and applying the water quality index (WQI). The results of the current study showed that the water temperature was relatively constant throughout the study period, while the values of total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 1186 mg/l in the well (1) to 1859 mg / l in the well (5) While the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased to an average of 1.2 mg/l in well (1), while the values of total hardness and sulfate increased to the limits of 1530 mg/l and 840 mg/l, respectively, and the nitrate values ranged between (1.2 - 13.8) mg / l and A Phosphate values ranged between (1.33-0.02) mg / l due to its adsorption with minerals in the rocks around the groundwater, and the results of the water quality coefficient (WQI) indicated that the values ranged between (109-125), and the studied was considered to be of poor quality for drinking purposes and various household uses due to the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfur for the studied well water.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 10-18
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174275
The current study was conducted during the period from April 2021 to August 2021 on Zinnia elegans L. Its flowers are purple in color to study the effect of pinching of the growing tip of the plant or without, and spray twice the shoot system with paclobutrazol at concentrations (0, 15 and 30) mg. L-1 and ascorbic acid at concentrations (0, 150 and 300) mg. L-1, in the qualities of vegetable growth, The factorial experiment was implemented using Randomized Complete Block Design within Split Plot, with three replicates and seven plants for the experimental unit. The results indicated the following: The pinching of the growing top of the plant led to a delayed the date of flowering, increased inflorescences longevity and increased morally in the content of anthocynin in flowers40.58 mg.100g-1 wet weight. The spraying of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 30 mg. L-1 delayed the date of flowering and increased inflorescences longevity, while spraying in both concentrations 15 and 30 mg. L-1 increased the number of flowers to 2.09 and 2.32 flower. per plant, respectively. Ascorbic acid spraying delayed the date of the flowering and led to spraying at a concentration of 300 mg. L-1 and increased inflorescences longevity, and significantly increased the content of anthocynin in inflorescences to 51.23 mg.100g-1 wet weight.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 19-39
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174276
In this research, a group of polymeric composite materials with an epoxy basis (PMCS) was manufactured, the base material is (Master Brace ADH 1406 Part A), which represents a substance (Resin) and (Master Brace ADH 1406 Part B) is a (Hardener), with the standard mixing ratio of material [1H:3R]: this material supported the basis with powders of different materials (Al2O3, Black Carbon, Active Carbon, kaolin, Car Exhausts Type I, II and III). The manufactured samples have been subjected to hardness and impact resistance tests. The results showed that there is an improvement in the surface hardness and the shock resistance of the base material after reinforcement it with different powders. The results also showed that there is a critical ratio for the amount of the reinforcing material, which shows the best case of improvement in the mechanical properties and it depends on the nature of the base material. The results also showed that the samples of the substrates reinforced with different powders showed their ability to adsorb nine elements or compounds from the hypothetical system that were subjected to it for a period of (30 days), and that the most basic materials that showed the content of the adsorbed elements was the substrate fortified with powder (Black Carbon) and the least It is the base material supported by powder (Al2O3), and the base materials supported by powder (Active Carbon) are less efficient in the adsorption of elements and compounds than (Black Carbon), in addition, the base materials supported by powders of materials used in car exhausts and of their three types have a limited ability in Adsorption of elements and compounds.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2022, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 39-49
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2022.174277
This paper includesfinding a mathematical relationship between the distance from the emitter to the width of the Wehnelt cylinder bore and the diameter of that bore, by studying the effect and correlation of these two parameterson the quality of the electron beam. A group of electron guns with identical and variable geometric parameters were designed for the values of the Wehnelt cylinder aperture radius for each case from the emitter site, which represents the distance from the emitter head to the Wehnelt cylinder aperture. As well as the calculation of the electron beam diameter and the brightness and emittance, as the mathematical relationship between these two parameters was found to be linear.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2019, Volume 28, Issue 4, Pages 13-21
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2019.163292
One hundred blood samples and burn swabs from septicemic burn patients were collected over a period from July 2017 until may 2018 at Burn Center in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The age of patients was between one year to sixty years and they were suffering from burn wound sepsis ,the highest number of patients was female among age group 20-29 years old. The highest frequent cause of burn was flame 78% and the least was chemical 1%, it was found that flame burn patients were more vulnerable to sepsis. The mortality rate among male 56%, females 48% and the highest mortality rate was 100% in the age group less than one year and more than sixty years, the least rate of mortality was 27% in the age group 10-19 years old. The number of septicemic patients 36 who is total body surface area (BSA) burned 30-39% and the mortality in this group was 16.6%, however the least number of patients was two of BSA 90-99% with mortality rate 100%. The most frequent aetiological agents isolated from the blood of septicemic burn patients was staphylococcus aureus 34(28.1) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25(20.7), Klebsiella pneumonia 13(10.8), Streptococcal pyogenes 10(8.3), Escherichia coli 8(6.6%) and Serratia marcescense, Acinnetobacter calcoceticus were 5(4.1) equally. The incidence of gram negative bacteria was much higher than gram positive bacteria in the septicemic burn cases, most of septicemic attack occur during the first week of admission and especially on the 7th day of staying in hospital and above, and they were much more likely to result from gram positive organism e.g S.aureus and S.pyogene. After the 1st week the septicemic attack was much more likely to result from gram negative organisms e.g. P.aeruginosa K.pneumonia, E.coli, Serratia mercescense, Acintobacter calcoceticus, P vulgaris and P. rettger.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2019, Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 1-6
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2019.159390
Different culture media in different volumes were exposed to microwave (MW) irradiation for 2, 3 and 4 minutes to investigate the ability of MW to destroy microorganisms and compared with media sterilized by conventional autoclaving method. MW sterilized media were screened for microbial growth.
Exposure of different microorganisms to microwave irradiation resulted in destruction of all microorganisms within 3 minutes. Using MW for irradiation is a practical, easy, rapid and energy saving way to sterilize different types of culture media with no effects on the quality of culture media and microbial growth after sterilization. It can be used as alternative apparatus instead of autoclave in microbiology laboratories for preparing different sizes in rapid and routine experiments especially in the conditions of the weak electricity current and interruption
.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2019, Volume 28, Issue 2, Pages 76-83
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2019.159979
An accurate, simple, and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method which proposed and developed for the determination of paracetamol in different pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method was based on acid hydrolysis of PAR to produced p-aminophenol (PAP), PAP was diazotization with nitrite ion to form the corresponding diazonium salt, followed by coupling with histidine reagent in alkaline medium to produced azo dye that showed maximum absorbance at 430 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration rage of 10-500 µg/20 ml (i.e. 0.5-25 ppm). The molar absorpitivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the dye were. 1.118×104 l.mol-1.cm-1and 0.0135 µg.cm-2 respectively. The method successfully has been applied for the determination of PAR in pure form,and its pharmaceutical preparations (tablets, syrup and injection).
).
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2012, Volume 23, Issue 5, Pages 128-136
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2012.60009
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cupping therapy on serum lipid profile concentration and correlated to some trace elements (Cu, Zn, and Mn). Thirty one men (35 to 55 years old), with hyperlipidemia and without antihyperlipidemic drug or high energy diet consumption for the duration of the study were subjected to cupping. The serum for total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein (HDL, LDL) and trace elements concentration was collected from brachial veins, and determined before cupping and then once a week for two weeks after cupping. Patients with hyperlipidemia who subjected for cupping show a significantly decrease (p≤0.05) in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL/HDL ratio by comparison before cupping, while there were no significant differences in serum HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Zn concentration and Cu/Zn ratio show a highly significant difference (p<0.001) after cupping and also showed a significant correlation with serum lipids profile after cupping, especially zinc metal.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2005, Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 1-13
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2005.41577
Three different mixtures (sand:clay), (80:20), (70:30) and (60:40), were formed in a cylindrical shape of 50×50 mm, using a semi–dry pressing with 300 kg/cm2 as forming pressure and then fired at 1430˚C.
The results showed that the produced semi silica bricks have apparent porosity ranging from 21.3-25% with specific gravity between 2.42-2.93 N/mm2 and having spelling resistance between 15 to 25 cycle.
The results show that it is possible to use a mixture of 60:40 sand:clay for the manufacture of semi silica bricks.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2018, Volume 27, Issue 4, Pages 321-333
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2018.159328
A total of 220 samples were collected from different sources of infection from the patients of Tikrit Hospital and Samarra Teaching Hospital who showed symptoms of infection, both sexes and different age groups for the period from April 2017 to January 2018. The results of the isolating showed that the number of samples that showed positive bacterial growth on the used media was 135 samples (61.4%),while 85 samples (38.6%) of total samples did not produce significant bacterial growth, The common bacteria isolates in our study were the highest number of isolates with a total of 111 samples and 82.2%, the uncommon bacterial isolates showed in 24 growth samples (17.8%). The results showed that Morganella morganii had the highest percentage of isolates by 3 isolates (12.5%), followed by Aerococcus urinae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Micrococcus luteus with isolates (8.2%), for other species, only one isolate (4.2%) was obtained, All isolates showed an absolute sensitivity of 100% for Imipenem and 100% absolute resistance to 10 antibiotics,the results showed that both bacteria Kocuria kristinae, O. anthropi, have three virulence factors, Protease, Urease, β-lactamase, While the bacterial species Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Gemella sanguinis, Aerococcus urinae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas fluorescens, gave a positive test result for the production of β-lactamase, Hemolysin, while Morganella morganii, Alloiococcus Otitis have two factor, Urease, Β-lactamase. As for the isolates Pantoea agglomerans, Kocuria rosea has shown its ability to produce only one type of β-lactamase β-lactamase.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2019, Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 1-6
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2019.159390
Different culture media in different volumes were exposed to microwave (MW) irradiation for 2, 3 and 4 minutes to investigate the ability of MW to destroy microorganisms and compared with media sterilized by conventional autoclaving method. MW sterilized media were screened for microbial growth.
Exposure of different microorganisms to microwave irradiation resulted in destruction of all microorganisms within 3 minutes. Using MW for irradiation is a practical, easy, rapid and energy saving way to sterilize different types of culture media with no effects on the quality of culture media and microbial growth after sterilization. It can be used as alternative apparatus instead of autoclave in microbiology laboratories for preparing different sizes in rapid and routine experiments especially in the conditions of the weak electricity current and interruption
.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2019, Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 1-10
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2019.159401
Tigris river is considered among the most important sources of water in Iraq. Therefore, an ecological study has been conducted on this river within a stretch in Mosul city starting from Mushirfa site north till Al-Busaif village in the south. The study aimed at verifying the impact of various pollutants including heavy metals on water and sediments. The study started on Spring 2011 through Winter 2012.
The heavy metals have been extracted by stander method using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the estimation of some heavy metal concentrations such as (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in river water and sediments has been done.
The result reveled a significant increase in the concentration of studied heavy metals in water and sediments in the area of Al-Busaif compared with Mushirfa area (as a control group). The concentration of heavy metal in water followed the descending order: Zn< Cu< Pb .
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2019, Volume 28, Issue 3, Pages 90-104
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2019.163162
Due to the unavailability of the drinking water in Mosul city in the period between (2014-2017), people started digging wells in their houses to use it in daily life for consumption and irrigation. Forty well water samples were chosen for this study in living quarters (AL-Dubat, Adan, AL-Mouthana, AL-Noor, AL-Zhoor, AL-Jamiea, AL-Falah, AL-Baker). Some pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from well water digged in different areas in the left side of Mosul city and to study reconciliation to human consumption. Results showed that fifty-six bacterial isolates obtained included 21 of Escherichia coli, 10 of Aeromonas hydrophila, 8 of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, 7 of Pseudomonas florescens, and show two species ofKlebsiellabacteria, Klebsiella pneumonia and Klebsiella oxytoca 6 and 4 respectively.
Then the ability of these bacterial isolates to form biofilm was studied by using two methods; Tube method and Congo red method, isolates gave 100% positive results in its ability to biofilm formation by tube method. While by congo red Aeromonas and Pseudomons were unable to form biofilm.
Also the study included determination of antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of bacterial isolates to different antibiotics as it is considered one of the important virulence factors , Results showed that there is variation in its sensitivity and resistance to these antibiotics.
Rafidain Journal of Science,
2011, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 49-67
DOI:
10.33899/rjs.2011.31499
The ability of three types of transport media (Tris-HCl— EDTA fluid , Normal saline and Reduced transport media) to transfer oral treponema samples was investigated , in addition to the capability of relying five types of nutritional media (New oral spirochetes, Supplumented pleupneumolike organism, Thioglycolate medium, Pepton- yeast extract- glucose, and Trypton- yeast extract- glucose- volatile fatty acid-serum medium) and two types of solidified culture media (Thioglycolate-BHI agar and Trypton- yeast extract- glucose- volatile fatty acid-serum agar) for the primary isolation and subculturing of these organisms reaching the most necessary supplements required to support the growth of these organisms. The efficacy of the three types of transport media in transport and maintenance of the vaibilty of these organisms was shown, also the efficacy of primary isolation and subculturing media to support the organisms' growth was proved after supplementing these media with the necessary growth elements. Hence it was possible to provide the optimal anaerobic conditions for the growth by the addition of reducing agents (Sodium thioglycolate and L-cystein) to the culture media and incubation in anaerobic jar, furthermore, introducing the necessary elements of long chain fatty acid by the addition of isobutyric acid and serum, and we confirm the ability of three types of serum (Rabbit serum, Fetal calf serum and Fetal bovin serum) to support the culture media. We had showing possibility of depending upon the selection isolation method by the addition the antibiotic rifampicin. Moreover, it was observed two forms of growth of these organisms: the turbidity after two days of inocubation and the sediment form with the shot silk after four days of incubation, and the variation in colonies form on the solid media was also clear.
Publisher: College of Science/ University of Mosul
Email: rafscij@gmail.com
Editor-in-chief: Professor Dr. Amera M. Al-Rawi
Print ISSN: 1608-9391
Online ISSN: 2664-2786